Cancer Prediction Using Data Mining

Malignant growth Prediction Using Data Mining Malignant growth Disease Prediction from Horoscope of a Person Using Data Mining D. JAGADEESWARAN Dynamic This paper manages discovering the conceivable outcomes of torment an individual from malignancy sickness for example anticipating malignant growth infection from horoscope of an individual utilizing information mining methods. Horoscope has 12 districts each involving 300. Every locale is known as a â€Å"house† that manages various implications. There are all out 9 planets that can possess any house in a horoscope. As indicated by position of the planets diverse precise mixes can be shaped and these mixes are named as â€Å"Yoga’s† that are utilized in foreseeing highlights of horoscope. Each house manages various meanings and a similar arrangement of blends getting in a specific house may impact the various implications fathomed by the house, in various ways. To be progressively explicit, let us think about the fourth place of a horoscope. It should connote mother, instruction, land and house properties. An unskilled individual may have numerous houses and an extensive mother while an exceptionally instructed individual may not have any properties. This conspicuous inconsistency has been accommodating somewhat by the presentation of a noteworthy factor, viz., the Karaka or marker. This paper targets testing new horoscopes discovering various conceivable rakish blends present in that horoscope and to foresee the chance of malignant growth ailment. This is additionally a way to deal with find out whether Astrology is a logical report and utilization of language of the sublime bodies or not. File Terms Data Mining, Horoscope perusing, Horoscope grouping, malignant growth malady expectation and so on. Presentation: Malignant growth is a term utilized for ailments in which strange cells separate without control and can attack different tissues. Malignant growth cells can spread to different pieces of the body through the blood and lymph frameworks. Malignant growth isn't only one sickness yet numerous infections. There are in excess of 100 distinct sorts of malignancy. Most malignant growths are named for the organ or kind of cell where they start for instance, disease that starts in the colon is called colon malignant growth; disease that starts in melanocytes of the skin is called melanoma.Cancer types can be gathered into more extensive classifications. The primary classifications of malignancy include: Carcinoma malignancy that starts in the skin or in tissues that line or spread inner organs. There are various subtypes of carcinoma, including adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and transitional cellcarcinoma. Sarcoma malignancy that starts in bone, ligament, fat, muscle, veins, or other connective or strong tissue. Leukemia malignancy that begins in blood-framing tissue, for example, the bone marrow and makes huge quantities of irregular platelets be created and enter the blood. Lymphoma and myeloma malignant growths that start in the cells of the invulnerable framework. Focal sensory system malignant growths diseases that start in the tissues of the cerebrum and spinal rope. Not all tumors are destructive; tumors can be amiable or dangerous. Considerate tumors arent harmful. They can regularly be evacuated, and, by and large, they don't return. Cells in kindhearted tumors don't spread to different pieces of the body. Dangerous tumors are carcinogenic. Cells in these tumors can attack close by tissues and spread to different pieces of the body. The spread of disease starting with one piece of the body then onto the next is called metastasis. A few malignant growths don't shape tumors. For instance, leukemia is a malignant growth of the bone marrow and blood. Malignancy is a drawn out maladies. Therefore, it is basic that the 6th and the eighth house forma relationship with one another. This is on the grounds that the 6th house decides the sickness and the eighth house means the ailments that keep going long. Then again, Saturn and Rahu give the signs for the event of ailments that keep going long. The situation of both the houses assume a huge job in dissecting the malignant growth. Disease is identified with Rahu, harassed Moon, distressed Jupiter or Saturn and furthermore frames relations with signs including, Aries, Taurus, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn. The local has a danger of experiencing malignancy when the Moon is beset being the ruler of the 6th house or eighth house in its horrible dasha. The danger of experiencing disease is likewise high when there are numerous malefic planets in a single house, particularly Saturn, Rahu and Mars. The local experiences the malignant growth of the particular body part that is spoken to by the tormented house. Neptune and Uranus confronting each other in a horoscope is viewed as an exceptionally unpropitious position. This circumstance can even be deadly for the local. Tormented dashaanath in the horoscope can likewise give genuine infections like malignant growth. The dashas that come after the dasha in which the local experiences Cancer is additionally broke down. On the off chance that these dashas are propitious, or of great planets, or yogakaraka planets, at that point the illness can be analyzed in the underlying stage just and can be effortlessly rewarded. Navansh kundli, shahtiyansh kundli and ashtamansha kundli ought to likewise be investigated before coming to any resolution. Rahu is considered to the karaka of malignant growth. Be that as it may, Mars and Saturn can likewise give this sicknesses. Jupiter is viewed as master of development and malignant growth happens with the development of dead cells in the body. The danger of malignant growth is likewise high when the master of the eighth or 6th house is distressed. Rules for disease disese: Combination of Sat with moon or venus. Saturn and blemishes angle or the other way around Malefic master of sixth in ,6th,8th tenth or twelfth. Master of sixth in sixth ,eighth 1oth and twelfth. Jupiters perspective on disappearing moon . Moon and venus perspective on one another. Part of saturn on moon or venus. Venus or moon in Rahu ,ketu hub aspected by saturn ,blemishes or jupiter. I found that venus assumed a noteworthy job in many diagrams. Maha dasha or antar of Rahu . Yogas for Cancer Disease At the point when Mars, Moon and the master of the 6th house conjuncts each other in a horoscope alongside Sun, at that point the individual has a danger of getting malignancy infection. On the off chance that Moon and Saturn are in the 6th place of the horoscope, at that point the individual can get Cancer after the age of 55. Combination of Jupiter, Saturn and Ketu can turn into the reason for Cancer. Harrowed Mars and connection of Ashlesha Nakshatra with the ascendant and the 6th house can likewise bring about Cancer. As per Dr. B.V Raman , the danger of Cancer is high when the master of the 6th house being a malefic is arranged in the ascendant, eighth, or tenth place of the horoscope. Saturn in the burdened state arranged in the nakshatra of Rahu can likewise cause Cancer. At the point when Saturn and Mars conjuncts in the 6th house in Addra or Swati nakshatra. Planets Cancer causing territories in body Planet Body Part to be affected by Cancer Sun Head (Brain), Heart, Stomach, Blood Moon Bone Marrow, Breasts, Lungs, Heart Mars Blood, Bone marrow, Reproductive organs, Uterus, Neck and Rectum Mercury Nose, Mouth, Umbilicous Jupiter Ears, Liver, Thighs, Brain Venus Troat, Reproductive organs Saturn Hands, Feet, Legs, Gums Ketu Head, Neck, Blood, Back/Spine Houses Cancer causing territories in body Malefic Planet impacting House Body Part to be affected by Cancer first House Mind, Head second House Mouth third House Throat, Neck fourth House Chest, Breasts, Lungs, Back fifth House Stomach, Blood, Bone Marrow sixth House Liver, Cancers, Pancreas seventh House Regenerative organs eighth House Rectum, Piles, Spine ninth House Thighs tenth House Knees eleventh House Legs twelfth House Feet When all is said in done, Saturn is constantly connected with all sicknesses (particularly ceaseless and long haul) and if malignancy causing planet is in at any rate related (conjunct, viewpoint, in star grouping, in sign) with saturn, at that point malignancy will set aside long effort to cure.Also if either Saturn or malignant growth causing planet are Retrograde in birth diagram, the illness sets aside longer effort to get relieved. Saturn and Rahu impacting second house (by position or angle) are fundamental explanation behind tobacco biting and smoking propensities. An individual with these viewpoints ought to be cautious and attempt to stop tobacco as it can prompt mouth, throat and lung malignancy. General horoscope structure for infections: HOROSCOPE CHART Is the one wherein the request for the houses is fixed. It comprises of four focal rhomboidal houses (which are numbered 1, 4,7 and 10, beginning from the upper focal rhomboid) and eight triangular houses. The sign ascending at the hour of birth is set apart in the principal house or the upper focal rhomboid, and the rest of the signs set apart in customary request in an enemy of clockwise bearing. Making A DATABASE FROM ABOVE HOROSCOPE Each horoscope contains 9 planets, 12 unique signs 12 distinct houses. Contingent upon the position of all these diverse precise mixes are framed. A horoscope can be distinguished by 11 qualities viz. Ascendant sign indications of 9 Planets. An eleventh credit might be added to speak to whether the individual will experience the ill effects of malignancy ailment or not. TABLE STRUCTURE The table structure has 11 traits. That implies sun, moon, damages, mercury, Jupiter, venus, Saturn, rajku, kethu, ascendant and malignant growth illness. That is spoken to as: Trait Limitations Datatype Ascendent Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Rahu Ketu Malignant growth malady Not Null Not Null Not Null Not Null Not Null Not Null Not Null Not Null Not Null Not Null Not Null Varchar Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Truly/NO The qualities are embedded in the database as, Ascendent Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Rahu Ketu CancerDisease 2 4 4 3 4 7 4 4 2 8 NO The database can be made for some such horoscopes.This database will fill in as the preparation set in foreseeing the newe

Overpopulation Essay -- Earth´s Population

There are 6 billion individuals on the essence of the Earth. As indicated by our best gauges, there are somewhere close to three and multiple times a bigger number of individuals than this planet can keep up over a significant stretch of time. Non-inexhaustible assets are being utilized at a mind blowing rate, and we are devastating the ability of the planetary biological system to restore the gracefully of sustainable assets. The more awful anyway is yet to come. We have to understand the need of a populace plan which will make our future increasingly idealistic. This arrangement must be founded on the way that the control of the fast populace development is important internationally; in any case, earth’s condition will be placed into more serious risk, the overexploitation of regular assets will proceed and neediness will ascend in the vast majority of the world’s nations. Quick populace development is an immense danger to the earth. We expend materials and vitality from earth and afterward return warmth and squanders to earth, however the earth can indeed deal with a limited amount of much waste before genuine impacts on people are seen. As human numbers increment, decay of water quality and obliteration of creature and plant networks increment as well. The genuine impacts of populace development apply even on the secured areas of this planet. Quick development of human numbers additionally causes overexploitation of normal assets and gives pressure on food supplies. Therefore it won't be long until we watch a amazing decrease in our expectations for everyday comforts. Land, woods and wa...

Difference Between Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs - 2200 Words

Difference Between Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs-Entrepreneurs (Coursework Sample) Content: What differentiates successful entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs?NameInstitution Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the traits of entrepreneurs and why some people lack them. It is a research on cognition in the field of entrepreneurship. The study delves deep into cognitive capabilities of successful entrepreneurs, and why some people, especially employees in an establishment, lack the required intelligence and creativity to succeed. The question in the study is as to whether entrepreneurs have a higher score in fluid intelligence. As well, the study begs answers on how the entrepreneurs think and how this differs with the thinking of non-entrepreneurs. The research study will utilise qualitative grounded theory design. This methodology is most suitable as it will explain a way of thinking between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. The focus of this study is on the levels of creativity and intelligence in entrepreneurs and differentiated from th e non-entrepreneurs capabilities. The investment theory of creativity will be used to help understand intellectual processes, styles, knowledge, personality, environmental context and motivation capabilities possessed by entrepreneurs. A population of 200 in Deansgate in Manchester will be used as responden...

The Main Stakeholders Of Childhood Vaccination - 1543 Words

SECTION 3: MAJOR STAKEHOLDERS In this area of study related to Childhood Vaccination, we will discuss about the major and key stakeholders. These major stakeholders, those influencing and shaping the debate are; Government and Legislators (Policy Makers), Parents, NGO’s and Lobby Groups. We can also find some least influential stakeholders which do not have as such influence on this issue but they are the one who are most â€Å"affected by† group in term of the issue is concerned. These are New-Parents/Future Parents and Children. In this part, we will try to find out the perspective of major stakeholders, their agreement and disagreement as far as issue is concerned, and also, is there any interaction between those stakeholder exist or not? PARENTS: Parents are the most influential stakeholder as far as Childhood Immunisation is concerned, as both Government and Lobby Groups are dependent on their support and actions to make an impact on this topic and that is the reason why all NGO’s and Lobby Groups try to persuade public opinion in general and parents opinion specifically. However, we may see that the Parents opinion in this area of Childhood Vaccination/Immunisation are immensely divided. That’s why, we may find both most vaccinated areas as well as least vaccinated areas in our society. Majority of Parents are in favour of childhood vaccination (Scienceinpublic.com.au, 2013). According to 2009 National Immunization Survey conducted in United States of America,Show MoreRelatedVaccinations Persuasive Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesVaccination has been brought up again in recent years even when vaccines have been around for about one thousand years. 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Increasing The Legal Drinking Age Limit - 1502 Words

Increasing the Legal Drinking Age Limit According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country (NIH, 2016). The NIAAA also estimates that approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking (NIH. 2016). This includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide (NIH. 2016). The National Minimum Drinking Age Act (NMDAA) was passed by Congress and signed by President Regan in 1984 (Miller, 2016). This law established a national drinking age of 21. Twenty-nine states made the decision to lower the legal drinking age but quickly changed it back to 21 after there was a rise among teenage and young adult highway deaths. Before NMDAA, states were responsible for establishing their own drinking ages that varied from the age of 18-21 (Miller, 2016). According to Miller, there is little doubt that many high school and college students are drinking in excess and irresponsibly (Miller, 2016). The current message is that one should wait until they are 21 to drink and/or purchase alcohol. If the drinking age were raised adults would have to take many things into consideration such as their driving record, criminal record and overall responsibility. Many adults do not want to risk losing any of this at the age of 25. Many 21 year olds live at home with their parents or attend college where binge drinking andShow MoreRelatedEconomics Intervention and Externalities Essay example939 Words   |  4 Pagesevaluate a measure imposed by the government in order to combat a negative externality. Since the start of January, Netherlands has increased the legal drinking age in the country from 16 years to 18 years (Xuereb). The government simply tried to internalize the externalities caused due to drinking, by inflicting a new law that would ch ange the legal drinking age. The government believed that this would be beneficial to the society. The reasons that led to this change were the increased rates of alcoholRead MoreLowering The Legal Drinking Age1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe concerns about safety involving alcohol, including alcohol-related fatalities, â€Å"binge drinking†, and long-term health effects, will not be compromised by lowering the legal drinking age to nineteen in the United States. Activists who wish to raise the legal minimum age frequently discuss the ways that driving while intoxicated endangers countless lives every day in the United States, and is an increasing problem in model Europe as well. 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Since the 1980s, the nationwide legal drinking age has been 21 and older for the United States. However, this age limit imposed on the consumption of alcohol was controversial then, and it continues to be so today. In 2008, John McCardell, leader of Choose Responsibility and former president of Middlebury College, joined a campaign known as the Amethyst Initiative, which proposed lowering the drinking age toRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered From The Age Of 21 Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered â€Å"adults† cannot even make their own decisions? The drinking age on alcohol is a controversial social and cultural issue in today’s society; all fifty states have a minimum drinking age of 21. The legal drinking age should be lowered from the age of 21 to 18 allowing young adults to be granted the right to drink in restaurants, bars, at social events, in the comfort of their own home, and so on. 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This issue has been going on for years, but the law has not been changed since the change to twenty-one in 1980. States have become stricter about preventing under-age drinking, but teenagers have no problem getting alcohol. There are many arguments in favor of changing the drinking age back toRead MoreAlcohol Is The Most Widely Used Social Drug Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pages‘risky’ drinking can cause serious health, personal and social problems. Heavy drinkers, binge drinkers and very young drinkers are at risk. Binge drinking is a particular problem among younger people, but anyone who drinks heavily or drinks too much in one session is at risk of both immediate and long-term alcohol related harm For children and young people under 18 years, not drinking is the safest option. Those who are under the age of 15 years of age at the greatest risk of harm from drinking alcohol

John Dickinson free essay sample

The politics and writings of John Dickinson. The paper starts with a brief outline of who Dickinson was and talks about his pre-Independence writings to the colonial population. It then analyzes and examines Dickinson?s beliefs and ideas regarding the economic, political, and social considerations involved in central government, regulation of trade, slavery, tariffs and taxation, and the right to vote. From the paper; John Dickinson, the leading opponent of John Adams in the debate upon the Declaration of Independence, has correctly been dubbed the ?Penman of the Revolution? by later historians. Besides writing the original Articles of Confederation, Dickinson served as a Pennsylvania legislator and represented that colony at the Stamp Act Congress and later, in the Continental Congress. Dickinson?s first elaborate publication against the new policy of the British cabinet was printed in 1765 and was entitled The Late Regulations Respecting the British Colonies on the Continent of America Considered. We will write a custom essay sample on John Dickinson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In his celebrated Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, Dickinson had a great influence in enlightening the American people on the subject of their rights, and preparing them for resistance.

What is Economics an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

What is Economics? Economics refers to a social science that studies how various goods and services are produced, allocated and consumed (Mofid, 27). It can also be the study of the scarce economic resources and how they are used to satisfy human needs. There are two main branches of economics; microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is concerned with how individuals make decisions and how those decisions affect supply and price of goods and services in the economy. Microeconomics in a general point of view is all about making choices, scarcity and how the scarce resources satisfy the needs of an individual (Mofid, 28). Macroeconomics on the other hand gives an economy a wide point of view as it provides solutions to economic problems like unemployment, inflation and even taxation policies. Need essay sample on "What is Economics?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed One of the reasons why people study economics is to understand how individuals and even governments try to use the scarce resources to satisfy the unlimited and insatiable human needs. Economics is also studied to help individuals understand the production concepts. This is the concept that outlines the process of production from the raw materials stage to the products in the market. The study of economics has helped many know what to sell and what to buy at what price to avoid losses. Companies and other business enterprises uses the business knowledge to know that one objective of business is to maximize the profits. The study of economics has really helped many governments and states to solve many national problems like unemployment, inflation and even the taxation policies have been understood well by the economic education. Generally, economics is a very vital subject to those who study it and currently it has been included in the curriculum of many colleges and universities. It has helped in solving many microeconomic and macroeconomic issues that surround us. The question of production which is critical in the development of states is well answered in economics. The appropriate allocation of the increasingly scarce resources determines this economic development. Works cited: FunQA.com. What are economic activities? FUnQA.com, 2007-2009. Web: July 12, 2010 from http://www.funqa.com/economics/724-Economics-2.html Mofid, Kamran. Promoting the common good: bringing economics & theology together again. London: Shepherad-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltd. 2005

Erotica v Pornography essays

Erotica v Pornography essays Cages. Consider a birdcage. If you look very closely at just one wire in the cage, you cannot see the other wires. If your conception of what is before you is determined by this myopic focus, you could look at that one wire, up and down the length of it, and be unable to see why a bird would not just fly around the wire anytime it wanted to go somewhere. It is only when you step back, stop looking at the wires one by one...and take a macroscopic view of the whole cage, that you can see why the bird does not go anywhere; and then you will see it in a moment. It will require no great subtlety of mental powers. It is perfectly obvious that the bird is surrounded by a network of systematically related barriers, no one of which would be the least hindrance to its flight, but which, by their relations to each other, are as confining as the solid walls of a dungeon. It is safe to assume that every man and woman in America has seen some sort of pornography, whether it is a Calvin Klein billboard, or the latest issue of Playboy. The two may seem unrelated, but the link is that they both objectify women. People who view this material transform the human in the picture into an object of desire, an object that they wish to possess. As with everything, there are opponents to this sort of pornography, one of which is the feminist movement. A key player in this movement is Gloria Steinem, who has founded several women's foundations and written two books about women's rights. As a feminist, one of the things Steinem believes is that women are in a social position underneath men, and that there are several factors that contribute to this position, one of which is pornography. In Gloria Steinem's essay 'Erotica vs. Pornography', pornography is seen as objectifying women, and in doing so continues to keep them in a position of sublimation. She tries to prove that eradicating pornography would eliminate social injustices against women. S...

Alliant health system

From my point of view no strategy is perfectly sound. There are some or other lacking points in every strategy. In case of alliants strategy, although they have made quite advancements but in last 5yrs they have hit a few unexpected obstacles and drawbacks that has staggered their progress. alliants were only been able to lay the base. The working of alliants was facing the problem of in cordiality to the total quality management philosophy. For alliants to eliminate the problem the quality process still needs a jumpstart ,even the physicians show broader there view point, implementation of an IT system that fully supports total quality management by getting them the data and the important facts it need to have to in cooperate innovation in future in their organisation. Even the CEO wolford said that he cannot talk about any one area which is doing substantially well than its competitors. alliants were finding a problem to get plans into implementation. Even as per the statistics the unable to monitor rate was around 2% to 70%. How well have they implemented the quality strategy? Alliants thought of a new action plan to introduce total quality management with the help of quality management team with a 10 pointer action setup. This time they were determent that the implementation of plans takes up systematically. Mainly 4 area of TQM strategy were taken of well. 1) CARES+ this process was implemented all across the alliants. This helped in shifting from the traditional system of the planning to the improvement of the quality which was highly efficient. 2) EQUIP- this was an idea to give voice to the employees. They were allowed to share their point of view and give their ideas, innovations and communicate with the higher management of the organisation. 3) . Quality Improvement Teams- these teams brought the technicality and specific analytical tools to bring implementation in action. 4) . Critical Paths 3. Evaluate their information technology needs. Believed information technology (I/T) is a key in the future strength of TQM Need â€Å"expert systems – computers to help the mind† â€Å"Was a shift in focus: to patient-oriented systems rather than functional, â€Å"stove pipe† applications that met narrow departmental needs. Physicians, clinical support professionals, and administrators could share information and drive continuous improvement in service â€Å"HELP offered advice on possible diagnoses, cost-effective treatments, resource scheduling, and drug contraindications. † New I/T strategy offered significant advantages over Alliant’s existing patchwork of stand-alone systems: System worked concurrently – advice was available as patient was being treated Had the potential to improve coordination dramatically by collecting data from all corners of the hospital into a single patient-centered system 4. Would you proceed with HELP? From my point of view, yes we should proceed with HELP. As this improving the quality, saving time and even the paper. This system has helped the hospital in making the whole organisation a one working unit. This is basically a single patient orient system that has all the information about every patient who has been admitted in any of their hospital in any other area. This has eliminated the repeated data and has been proved to be more productive, efficient and well organised. 5. What would you do to make sure implementation is successful? The steps which i would take will involve

Role of Early Childhood Educator in prevention of Child Abuse Essay

Role of Early Childhood Educator in prevention of Child Abuse - Essay Example 1). Evidently, as the family is unreliable, educators in diverse settings serve as reinforced resources for children to rely on in preventing further abuse. Types and Signs of Abuse Abuse can take a number of form, and not just on physical side, but can be on emotional aspects, neglect, and sexual violations in children. Having close interaction with young children, educators in schools and caregiver institutions should be aware on observable illicit signs of abuse. Physical abuse is not hard to identify, as cruel manhandling may range from burned skin, bruised, and lacerated body parts. Wounds from physical abuse are different from accidental injuries, as the former can occur on soft tissue, like â€Å"cheeks, buttocks, and thigh† while the latter are frequently seen on body areas such as â€Å"knees, elbows, forearms, or brow.† Typically, the material used as physical punishment can be observed on injured areas. Yet, other types of abuse are difficult to detect. Negle ct is the absence of considerable efforts in meeting the children’s biological and emotional needs. There is chronic inattention to well being of children, where parents leave them to inadequately fend for themselves. In emotional abuse, parents resort to verbal attacks and rejection through lack of parental concern and interest--resulting to â€Å"developmental lags, psychosomatic symptoms ... (communication) disorders† (Crosson-Tower, 2003, p. 15, 19). Lastly, there is unacceptable sexual overture in sexual abuse. Extreme behavioral reactions vary; others withdraw from contact with others, while some become sexually aggressive--expressing the type of sexual abuse experienced through drawing or play-acting. Collectively, these are fundamental signs that confirm the type of abuse faced by children. Long Term Consequences Child abuse is a condition that can be carried towards adult life. Subconsciously, the type of abuse received influences the way abused children live. On the physical side, health consequences can irreversibly affect them. As affirmed by DiScala, Serge, Li, and Reece (2000), severe physical head injuries resulted to significant reduction in neurological-dependent activities. Several victims, then, suffered physical disabilities that interrupt physiological capacities in living. Psychologically, such events may lead to several psychiatric (personality and eating) disorders, depressive status, â€Å"posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse† (MacMillan et al., 2001, p. 1878). The effects of abuse are more of maladaptive defense copings, where children’s life-esteem is extremely low and academic performance is negatively affected (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2008). As these are treated as abnormal conditions, society shuns them from social activities while insisting that they submit to treatment for such conditions. The society, as large, takes care of such events by funding welfare programs that assist abused children lead normal lives. Citizens in society indirectly fund the negative impact of child abuse, as taxpayers’ funds are drawn to pay community expenditures for juvenile and adult detention cells, and victims of psychiatric conditions. By large, the cost of supporting such expenses can be traced back to the behavioral impact of experiencing the categories of

Managing across Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing across Cultures - Essay Example There are significant differences which are caused by cultural outlook when it comes to working in an organization. Values in the work place are significantly affected by culture. . A study of US multinational corporations found out that poor intercultural management skills still constitute a major management problem. (Deresky) Theories and Models of culture Different researchers and sociologists have proposed different theories about cultural dimensions. Notable amongst these are the Geert Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions and the 7d model developed by Fons Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner. There is a growing body of research that focuses on how cultures vary. This research ranges from the pioneering efforts of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) to the widely referenced approach of Hofstede (1980), to the recent work of Hampden-Turner and Trompenaar (1993). The Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (Kluckhohn, 1961) model has identified six basic dimensions which cover the cultural orientation in societies. These include people's view of nature, humanity and interpersonal relationships. These also include how people view of activity and achievement; time and space. Hofstede (Hofstede G. , 1980) cultural dimensions provide a more comprehensive analysis of cultural dimensions amongst different nations and countries. He focused on 160000 managers and employers of IBM in 60 different countries and found four dimensions of cultural differences which set these countries apart from each other. These dimensions are individualism vs. collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity vs. femininity and form the basis for work related attitudes. The most recent cultural model is that of Hampden-Turner and Trompenaar released in 1993. 15000 international managers were administered questionnaires and value differences of practitioners of capitalism were identified. These values include: universalism vs. particularism, analyzing vs. integrating, individualism vs. co mmunitarianism, inner-directed vs. outer-directed orientation, time as sequence vs. time as synchronization, achieved status vs. ascribed status, and equality vs. hierarchy. Limitations of the Hofstede model Though these models are very useful in analyzing the culture of different countries but they have certain limitations. First and the foremost the fact that the averages of that certain country do not relate to the individuals of that country and extreme variations may be possible. Thus the Hofstede model can be used as a guide to understand different cultures but is not an absolute dictation. Secondly, the data collected by all these sociologists was collected by different questionnaires and therefore limitations could also be applied to the data that was collected. And lastly since it has been considerable amount of time since that research, it is very much possible that the country's culture has changed either by external or internal influences. (Geert Hofstede cultural dimens ions) Analysis of different countries and their cross cultural differences affecting work. The two different cultures selected to analyze are the American and the Mexican culture and the problems which may arise as a result of the differences in cultural values which effect work value and habits. Remarkable differences cause problems at work when

The Awakening :: essays research papers

Edna Pontellier The Awakening, which was written by Kate Chopin, received a great deal of criticism when it was first published in 1899. Much of the controversy over the novel arose because of the character of Edna Pontellier. Edna was very much unlike the women of her time. In today's terms she would be considered a rebel. Edna opposed the traditional roles of society that kept many restraints on the women of the 1800's. According to traditional society of the 1800's women were assigned the duties of tending the home, caring for their husband, and bearing children. On the other hand, the men of this time were to be considered the authority of the household and were basically in charge of what goes on throughout the household internally and externally as well as mentally and physically. It is Edna's choice to disobey these roles and her need for self-discovery, which cause a shocking end to this adventure to find her true self. In her critique, the female artist in Kate Chopin's The Awakening: Birth and Creativity, Carlene Stone takes the reader through stages of Edna's struggle to become an artist showing direct correlation with her becoming and individual and in control of her own self. For example she states how Robert's encouragement while she is painting is very innocent in the beginning but eventually lead's to the awakening of her passions of her body and her falling in love with Robert. The fact that Edna falls for Robert goes against those societal roles which where followed by some many women of the 1800's. Robert plays a big role in Edna's self-development through artistry and love by being a huge source of imaginative power. Stone then goes on making references to the scene in which she grows tired during Mass and leaves with Robert who takes her to Madame Antoine's home. She states that stories told by Madame Antoine represents the oral tradition of art and that this day is the high point o f Edna's imagination and she will return to it in her memory as she paints. Another form of art in which Stone refers to is structured art, which is supplied by Mme. Reisz. Mme. Reisz plays her music with great feeling and art, which evokes pictures in Eden's mind and her passions of her body, arise once again. These pictures and passions once again contribute greatly to the continuing development of Edna's artistic growth, which continues to lead to her self-discovery.

Early Intervention Reducing Recidivism Among Children

Early Intervention reducing recidivism among children and adolescent offenders Student number: s2875363 Student name: Kate O’Reilly Course name: CCJ10 Introduction to Forensic Psychology Enrollment: External, Griffith University Course convener: Dr. Myesa Knox Mahoney Course tutor: Domanic De Andrade Date due: Wed 23rd Jan 2013 Word count: 1430 It has been widely acknowledged that crime has consequences for individuals and society (Ou & Reynolds, 2010).So it has been widely accepted that children and adolescents with antisocial behaviour are a societal problem (Helmond, Overbeek & Brugman, 2012). Antisocial behavior is characterised by violent offences such as robbery and assault causing harm to not only its victims but to society as well (Helmond, Overbeek & Brugman, 2012). Society pays the price for crime not only in loss of personal effects and medical costs but also in the cost of incarceration to the tax payers (Ou & Reynolds, 2010).It is the antisocial behaviour, that is targeted in early interventions, in an attempt to diminish delinquency (Hollin & Palmer, 2009). Studies have been undertaken that provide evidence that intervention is effective and benefits the whole of society (Ou & Reynolds, 2010). In this essay, focus will be drawn specifically to intervention and it’s part in curbing recidivism in juvenile offenders.The impact of early intervention for young offenders will be explored in detail, and some examples of early interventions, how and why they work, will be examined and this research will support the success of early interventions and their effectiveness in fighting recidivism. In exploring the rationale of young offenders we uncover reasons why early intervention can lessen the rate of recidivism and in some cases effectively quell re offending. Research has been conducted showing that the brains growth does not stop before at least the early twenties (Buchen, 2012).This means that adolescents are far more likely to act befor e considering the consequences, they are impetuous, and easily influenced by their peers (Buchen, 2012). Now more than ever campaigners for youths are working towards less punishment and more importantly far more opportunity for intervention or rehabilitation (Buchen, 2012). Research into crime has shown that criminal activities occurring in adulthood have been found to follow a youth’s career of criminal activity and antisocial behaviour, developing into an adult re-offender, (Ou & Reynolds, 2010).Youth offenders show predictors early in life that include the sex, race and ethnicity of the juvenile, as well as aggression, and antisocial behaviour in childhood (Ou & Reynolds, 2010). They can be coerced to offend simply because of stressors in their lives (Sealock & Manasse, 2012). In some cases studies have enabled prediction of delinquency that can then allow prevention of youth involvement in the juvenile justice system all together, (Sealock & Manasse, 2012).Where this is not the case and a young person is incarcerated, early intervention is required to curb re-offenders. Mentally ill juveniles will offend three times as often as other juveniles, and for these offenders imprisonment can be fruitless causing significant increase in symptoms instead of reversing environmental damage and improving their skills as it is intended (Erickson, 2012). This puts them further at risk are mentally ill juveniles, for whom demanding life events, such as loss of job or family breakdown, will often lead to violence as a response (Markowitz, 2011).For these mentally ill youths social opportunities can be limited, they will have difficulty finding a job, stable accommodation and a support network (Markowitz, 2011). There often limited opportunities for intervention before the fact (Markowitz, 2011). Because of this some offenders tend towards homelessness and crimes of survival such as shoplifting and trespassing, some committing these non-violent crimes as a way of s eeking intervention they would not otherwise have access to (Hinday, 1997).Symptoms of mental illness include; impulsivity and impaired judgment and can cause already hotheaded youths to act in antisocial ways (Hinday, 1997). A form of intervention that continually arises in research looking at young offenders is the use of cognitive behavioural therapy or modification. Cognitive Behavioural therapy is founded on social learning, and adopts the theory that offenders have learned unsuitable ways of behaving due to their environment (McGuire, 2003).Many intervention plans include this type of treatment, sometimes coupled with psychiatric treatments (Jones, Chancey, Lowe & Risler, 2010). Cognitive behavioural techniques encourage offenders to think through a situation, instead of ensuing their immediate response. A reaction that can often be impetuous and self-centered attitudes that increase the likelihood of anti-social behavior (McGuire, 2003). In cognitive behavioural therapy an of fenders learning is conditioned, they are trained to eradicate maladaptive actions (McGuire, 2003).Cognitive, rehabilitation or intervention programs aim to bring changes to youth offenders (Jones et al. , 2010). Young adults, who spend time incarcerated, carry with them a high likelihood of recidivism when they return from correctional facilities and attempt to transition back into society, (James, Stams, Asscher, De Roo &Van der Laan, 2013). Research has provided a variety of reasons as too why juveniles find it so difficult when re engaging with society, one important reason explained by James et al,. 2013) is that not only are they coming to terms with the challenges of relocation from a juvenile facility back into every day life but they are doing this while simultaneously coping with the move from adolescents into adult hood. Helmond et al. , (2012) Discusses an intervention program constructed by cognitive-behavioural therapy called EQUIP, a program designed to communicate to young antisocial offenders who would be reintegrating into society, ways of acting and thinking responsibly. The EQUIP program is used in correctional facilities all over the world.EQUIP incorporates a positive peer culture in which parties want to support others due to developing feelings of responsibility for them. The main focus of EQUIP is to address mental misrepresentation, deficiencies, and social and moral skills (Helmond et al. , 2012). A private not-for-profit agency, Hillside in the US, is a provider of intervention services for mentally ill young people and their families or guardians (Jones et al. , 2010). This program includes community-based services and a residential treatment facility, which treats participants under a program called Interpersonal Skills Program (Jones et al. 2010). Treatment through this program includes structured framework, group therapy and individual therapy as well as family therapy (Jones et al. , 2010). Hillside’s program works on co gnitive behavioural treatment focusing on mental distortions, managing and assessing risk as well as avoiding situation leading to relapse (Jones et al. , 2010). For those adolescents in the justice system who require treatment for substance abuse, this can be a form of early intervention as offenders can be sent to juvenile drug court (Nissen & Pearce, 2011).Substance abuse treatment programs in collaboration with the juvenile justice system provide this method of intervention where youths are educated and put through an intensive program of rehabilitation as opposed to incarceration (Nissen & Pearce, 2011). High recidivism amidst adolescents has encouraged the government to provide funding from the government to develop and maintain re-integration as intervention, following the lack of success using probation-only in the attempt to prevent adolescents re-offending (Nissen & Pearce, 2011). James, et al. (2013), found that this type of program referred to as after care has had great success when starting a program during incarceration and when aimed at youths with a high risk of re-offending. Another successful after care program was developed by the Robert Wood Johnson foundation and is called Reclaiming Futures (Nissen & Pearce, 2011). The program Reclaiming Futures deploys affirmative youth development and leadership building and efforts on leadership expansion in the community, a community that can offer assistance to bridge life in incarceration to life in society through constructive growth activities (Nissen & Pearce, 2011).Something that Reclaiming Futures does well is bring together suitable intervention and the needs of the adolescent offenders, and this provides an empathetic network around young people with the result being rarer occasions of violations when in parole (Nissen & Pearce, 2011). Early interventions have been found to reduce the rate of recidivism when they target young offenders. As evidence suggests a career criminal is likely to beg in offending as a child, not suddenly as an adult.Therefore intervention that targets change of behaviours, physically and mentally at an early age, prove effective. Intervention is successful at an early age because medically, an individual’s brain does not stop developing until their late twenties. As a result, adolescents can react impulsively to situations, leading to antisocial and criminal behaviour then ultimately to prosecution. The chances of this situation arising are heightened in mentally ill youths however, by incorporating the various approaches of early intervention a program can be planned base on an individual needs assessment.This plan is determined by the offence committed, and requirements of the youth, and allows positive outcomes to be achieved. All research suggests that the affirmative results are the product of early interventions. References Buchen, L. (2012). Science in court : arrested development. Nature, 484(7394), 304-306. DOI:10. 1038/484304a E rickson, C. D. (2012). Using Systems of Care to Reduce Incarceration of Youth with Serious Mental Illness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 49(3-4), 404–416. DOI 10. 1007/s10464-011-9484-4 Gibbs, J. C. , Potter, G.B. , Barriga, A. Q. & Liau, A. K. (1996). Developing the helping skills and prosocial motivation of aggressive adolescents in peer group programs. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 1(3), 283-305. DOI:  10. 1016/1359-1789(95)00018-6   Helmond, P. , Overbeek, G. & Brugman, D. (2012). Program integrity and effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral intervention for incarcerated youth on cognitive distortions, social skills, and moral development. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(9),1720–1728. DOI:  10. 1016/j. childyouth. 2012. 05. 001 Hiday,  V. A. 1997). Understanding the connection between mental illness and violence. International journal of law and psychiatry, 20(4), 399-417. DOI:  10. 1016/S0160-2527(97)00028-9   Hollin, C. R. & Palm er, E. J. (2009). Cognitive skills programmes for offenders. Psychology, Crime & Law, 15(2-3), 147-164. DOI:http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/10683160802190871   James, C. , Stams, G. J. J. M. , Asscher, J. J. , De Roo, A. K. & Van Der Laan, P. H. (2013). Aftercare programs for reducing recidivism among juvenile and young adult offenders: A meta-analytic review.Clinical Psychology Review, 33(2), 63–274. DOI:  10. 1016/j. cpr. 2012. 10. 013   Jones, C. D. , Chancey, R. , Lowe, A. & Risler, E. A. (2010). Residential Treatment for Sexually Abusive Youth: An Assessment of Treatment Outcomes. Research on Social Work Practice. 20(2), 172-182. DOI:http://dx. doi. org/10. 1177/1049731509333349     Markowitz, F. E. (2011). Mental illness, crime, and violence: Risk, context, and social control. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 16(1), 36–44. DOI:  10. 1016/j. avb. 2010. 10. 003   McGuire, J. (2003).Offender  Rehabilitation  and  Treatment  Effective Programmes an d Policies to Reduce Re-offending. Retrieved from http://www. swin. eblib. com. au. ezproxy. lib. swin. edu. au/patron/FullRecord. aspx? p=146239&echo=1&userid=znHAXBQDThLw9bSY1Xo67Q%3d%3d&tstamp=1358851968&id=4B65141F70B1486C0EA05198C182C8FA6D56A7DB Nissen, L. B. & Pearce, J. (2011). Exploring the implementation of justice-based alcohol and drug intervention strategies with juvenile offenders: Reclaiming Futures, enhanced adolescent substance abuse treatment, and juvenile drug courts.Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 60–65. DOI:  10. 1016/j. childyouth. 2011. 06. 014   Ou, S. ,& Reynolds, A. J. (2010). Childhood predictors of young adult male crime. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(8), 1097–1107. DOI:  10. 1016/j. childyouth. 2010. 02. 009   Sealock, M. D. & Manasse, M. (2012). An uneven playing field: The impact of strain and coping skills on treatment outcomes for juvenile offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(3), 238–248. DOI:  10. 1016/j. jcrimjus. 2012. 02. 002

Civil Wars vs Terrorism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1890 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Civil Wars vs Terrorism Civil wars occur a lot more than most may think, and with as much media coverage that there is nowadays, it doesnt seem rare anymore to have a terrorist attack. These are two very sad events. A civil war is defined as a war in which the main participants are within the same state, such as the government and a rebel group (pg. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Civil Wars vs Terrorism" essay for you Create order 237 of textbook). Terrorism is defined as the use or threatened use of violence against noncombatant targets by individuals or nonstate groups for political ends (pg. 264 of textbook). Civil wars and terrorism do not appear to be the same on the outside, but with further digging, it is easy to see how the two might go hand-in-hand. These two groups definitely have their differences, but they share very similar characteristics during bargaining failure. In civil wars, most of the time, there is a rebel group fighting against the government. There may also be a rebel group fighting against another rebel group with a different ideology. Scholars say that in order for a war to be considered a civil war there must be at least 1,000 deaths related to the war, and the deaths have to be made up of both sides. Therefore that means that a tyrant ruler can not poison their civilians and kill 1,000s and call it a civil war. From 1945 to 1999, interstate wars were responsible for the deaths of 3 million people, while civil wars killed more than 16 million (pg. 237 of textbook), civil wars can be extremely costly for civilians. A main cause of civil war is a group using violence to fight for, typically, a political interest. Sometimes, foreign countries will get involved and help a rebel group because they share the same ideology. For example, a foreign country may send aide through money, resources, troops, training, or sometimes even sanctuary. A foreign country getting involved in a civil war can get very complicated. Another negative impact of a civil war is there may be a lot of refugees trying to flee the country and move into another country. That problem in itself creates a domino effect of problems with it. This can create a burden for neighboring states that feel like they have to bring these people in. There is typically a crime and conflict increase that come with the people as well. Since there are many factors that influence foreign states, the United Nations describes civil wars as threats to international peace and security. Because of this, they can send peacekeepers to try and intervene when necessary. The textbook says, of the 69 peacekeeping operations by the UN in 1948-2014, 39 were conflict within one state and 12 were for both international and civil dimensions. This shows that even thou gh a civil wars physically occurs in one state/country, does not mean that it only involves that state, many foreign sides can get involved. If rebelling against a government causes this much death and controversy, then why do it? Typically, rebel groups have had enough of social injustice within their country. Rebel groups can be created through people having similar interest when their economic or social-well being is harmed. They have three options: try to leave the state, change the states policies, or try to take over the state. This obviously creates a lot of conflict in territory, policy, and regime. When a rebel group wants to own their own land from the territory, they are called Separatists. This will take place when a group thinks they can do a better job of governing themselves than the current government they are under. On the flip side, rebel groups are called irredentist if they want to take a piece of territory and attach it onto another country. This will happen when a neighboring country has the same beliefs that the rebel group may be fighting for. For example, this happened in Great Britain when there was decades of conflict with the Catholic group of Northern Ireland. This group wanted to join with the rest of Ireland because they were alike, as they were majority Catholic. These groups are motivated by their greed or grievances. They try to persuade the government by sometimes using violence to get what they want, or they may try to take over the government altogether. Sometimes countries have problems maintaining people who are unsatisfied with their country. The groups who are unhappy either get a start from a popular fan base, someone who has a lot of money, or someone who is high up in the government. There are three factors that rebel groups use to form and to take action. The first factor is the group explanation. This means that a group who strongly shares the same views tend to trust each other better, which can make them more powerful and harder to control. Another factor is at the country level. The way the country typically handles their conflict can tell a lot about how a rebel group may handle conflict. If a country normally handles things violently, a rebel group is more likely to handle things violently as well, and vise versa. At the country level, money is also another factor. In a poorer country, they have more reason to be unhappy than richer countries. Richer countries can also afford a better defense, which may discourage rebel groups from trying to take it over. Finally, the last factor to civil war is internationally. There are international factors because a foreign country may agree with a rebel side and try to help them. This can create a proxy war. A proxy war is when two foreign countries fight because they side with two different sides in a civil war. For example, this happened during the Cold War. China and the Soviet Union supported Communist rebels and the United States supported rebels in Pro-Soviet Union governments. While there are many factors into civil war, there are also many factors into terrorism that differ. The main difference between terrorism and civil war is that terrorists want to instill fear into the civilians while rebel groups are fighting for what they think is right. Another difference is that terrorism can happen internationally. Although terrorism is most common in its host state, it is not uncommon in foreigns states either. Terrorist groups are typically much smaller and less centrally governed than rebel groups, which means they are less capable of starting a civil war. Terrorist groups are very dangerous and violent and can make recruiting for them very hard. They are considered extremist and this means that their views and the way they carry them out are not so popular. They will randomly attack businesses and diplomatic missions, for the most part. For example, Al Qaeda during 9/11 targeted the Pentagon, World Trade Center, and the White House. Terrorist groups are very extreme and will match that with their extreme actions. There are some differences between terrorism and civil wars/rebel groups as discussed, but there are also similarities. The main similarity is that they result from a bargaining failure. There are three bargaining failures that help civil wars and terrorism occur. The bargaining failures for both groups come from incomplete information, commitment problems, and indivisibilities. Incomplete information means that either the government or the group did not have all the correct information to respond in the right way. A big part of incomplete information for both these groups is typically the government does not know the actual size of the rebel/terrorist group they are going up against. Terrorist groups tend to over exaggerate their size. This can lead to their threats not being so credible. For example, there were plenty of signs from Bin Laden about 9/11, but they were not taken very seriously because there were other more credible threats that the FBI was dealing with. Another difference between these two groups and incomplete information, is rebel groups are more likely to communicate what they want than terrorist groups. Terrorist typically act on surprise and very unpredictable. Incomplete information occurs in both of these groups. Another factor they share is the commitment problems between these groups and the government. Disputes of these extremes can be very hard to solve and can create a long and costly war. If it happens to get to the point where they can talk out an agreement, a big problem still allies. How does the government know the rebel/terrorist group will be truthful and really lay down their arms and vice versa? How do these groups know the government wont take severe action after theyve laid down their arms? A government is going to want these groups to disarm and demobilize. The groups are going to want the government to agree to give them what they want. These disputes rarely end in a peaceful manner. Typically, one side will completely fight for what they want and win it all. Since the rebels and terrorists have no central power this makes them weak for negotiations. They can not be sure that every member of the group will obey them. There may be people in the group who refuse to lay down th eir arms even if peace is settled. That could create another rebel/terrorist group and take everything back to square one. This can create commitment problems. The third factor that these two groups have in common is their bargaining failure through indivisibilities. This seems to be the toughest of the three, because sometimes the reason the groups are fighting are for undividable causes. For example, a group may be fighting for a certain religion and that is very hard to negotiate. This is why suicide bombers do what they do, they show the government that they would rather give up their life for what they believe in than to give up what they are fighting for. This puts the government in a sticky situation, because if they give in to just one group who is fighting for what they believe in, it could encourage other groups to then try and fight for what they believe in also. This shows the government as very weak for easily giving into a group. There is a great example of this that occured in Russia. Russia fought in two extremely costly civil wars because the Chechens wanted to break away from them. There would have been less of a cost to R ussia if they would have just let them go. However, there are more than 100 cultures in Russia and if they were to let the first group go easy, that could have influenced the other cultures to do the same. Indivisibilities are the hardest part for the government, but they are where rebels and terrorists are greatly alike. Civil wars involve rebel groups and terrorist attacks involve terrorists. A main difference between the two groups is rebel groups are fighting for a cause in their own country and may be more willing to peacefully agree with a government. A terrorist group on the other hand is going to attack civilians and use surprise violence to try and achieve what they want. Both groups do not have a central power so they can be a little sloppy. They both have similarities with the three bargaining factors. After further digging, the differences and similarities between the two events can be made clear.